Concrete forms can be defined as a solid barrier that helps to hold the fluid concrete in place until it hardens and acquire a particular shape. The concrete takes the shape of the form or the mold in which it is contained. Now new concrete form systems are developed that provides additional properties like insulation, […]
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Modulus of rupture is a measure of the tensile strength of concrete beams or slabs. Flexural strength identifies the amount of stress and force an unreinforced concrete slab, beam or other structure can withstand such that it resists any bending failures. Modulus of rupture is also known as flexural strength,bend strength or fracture strength. Standard Test Methods […]
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Concrete driveway construction offers a number of advantages when compared with any form of traditional driveway construction methods. Out of all, the durability provided by the concrete driveway leads to further advantages. Here, the advantages and some of the disadvantages reflected by concrete driveway construction are enlisted and briefly explained. Advantages of Concrete Driveway Construction […]
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Affordable concrete house construction is needed at current times more than ever before due population growth, depletion of energy source, and other factors. The population growth leads to increase demand for houses which consequently the use of operational energy and embodied energy increases. Affordable concrete house construction has become the attention of several builders. This […]
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Concrete stairs are set of steps constructed using concrete and steel that leads from one floor to another floor inside the building for the easy movement of humans and other goods. Construction of concrete stairs is a difficult task that requires an engineer to study all the aspects and design it. In this article we […]
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Concrete Driveway construction is gaining higher popularity over asphalt or bitumen or other paving materials. Concrete driveways also called as cement driveways offer a variety of decorative options which make these driveways unique from other methods of driveway construction. Here, the construction and finishing requirements of concrete driveway construction are explained briefly. Concrete Driveway construction […]
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Concrete construction cost is one of the crucial and major components of total cost of a project. It greatly influences the total cost, so it is required to be estimated accurately. If concrete construction cost is overestimated, it leads to overestimation in the total project cost and the owner would have to spend more money, […]
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Spalling is break away of concrete surface which often extending to the top layers of reinforcing steel. It effects a broad variety of structures including concrete framed buildings, multi-storey car parks, bridges, jetties, tanks and bunds. Spalls may be 150 mm or more in diameter and 25 mm or more in depth, and the occurrence […]
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Construction joint is placed when the mass concreting works are done and cannot be completed on a single stretch. The interface of the past day’s hard concrete and present days fresh concrete is to be properly done so as the bonding should be perfect for load transferring and avoiding water leakage. This interface joint is […]
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Crushed concrete are fragments and pieces of concrete buildings which are demolished or rebuild. These crushed concrete fragments are cleaned from dirt and then broken to smaller pieces (processed) to manufacture aggregate which is termed as crushed concrete aggregate or recycled aggregate. Crushed concrete aggregate eliminates the need for disposal by using the readily available […]
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Construction of concrete walls is a crucial phase in building construction. It transfers loads from floor to the wall below or foundation. Therefore, it greatly controls the safety of the building. That is why utmost cautions shall be practiced during its construction. Apart from proper construction process, materials used for concrete wall construction play major […]
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The bar bending schedule(BBS) of an R.C.C footing provides the reinforcement details and the total steel quantity required for the footing construction. The BBS and quantity of steel reinforcement required for a simply isolated footing are calculated and explained by means of a workout example. Calculation of Steel Reinforcement For Isolated Footing The figure-1 below […]
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What is Brick Masonry? Brick masonry is a highly durable form of construction which is built by placing bricks in mortar in a systematic manner to construct homogenous mass that resist exerted loads. Brick masonry definition, types, and construction is discussed in the following sections. Types of Brick Masonry Work 1. Brick Work in Mud […]
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The trapezoidal footing formula gives the equation to determine the volume of the trapezoidal footing from the respective drawing specifications.The trapezoidal footing formula is explained and clarified with the help of an example in this article. Trapezoidal Footing Formula As shown in figure-1 below, the trapezoidal footing is a combination two components: Truncated Pyramid Rectangular […]
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Concrete Temperature limits are established to ensure that high quality concrete with specified requirements are produced. Various standards and specifications provide limits on temperature of concrete so as to achieve designated strength and durability. Concrete temperature limits changes based on the type of the elements and working conditions; hot or cold, windy or calm, dry […]
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Fabric tensile structures are tensile structures in which a membrane is ‘stretched’ to form a three-dimensional surface that can be used to create a roof, shading, or decorative component. It is constructed using a specialised fabrics under tension to support self-weight and take care of the live load providing a very cost effective and covering a large distances without intermediate supports. A […]
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What is Initial Setting Time and Final Setting Time of Cement? Initial setting time is the period taken by the cement to start hardening itself from the time water is added. Theoretically, it is the time period between addition of water to cement till the time at 1 mm square section needle fails to penetrate the […]
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Pile foundation is a slender, structural member installed in the ground to transfer the structural loads to soils at some significant depth below the base of the structure. Commonly the material used in the construction of pile are cement, steel, timber and plastic. In this article we briefly study about the materials used in the […]
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A concrete grinder can be defined as the machine that is used to provide finishing to the concrete flooring, once it has been laid. The concrete grinder smoothens the rough concrete surfaces and finally give a shiny surface. The process is called as concrete grinding. Basics of Concrete Grinder Any concrete grinder will have a […]
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Different types of stirrups are designed for columns based on their varying cross-sections, the number of longitudinal reinforcement bars and the load carrying capacity. Stirrups in column construction are commonly known as vertical ties or transverse reinforcement. There are different types of stirrups or ties used in column construction: Helical Reinforcement Lateral Ties A brief […]
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Blended cement can be defined as uniform mix of conventional cement (OPC) and additive materials to enhance the properties of cement for different uses. Silica fumes, fly ash, limestone and slag are commonly used as blending materials. In this article we discuss about characteristics, types, advantages and uses of blended cements. Characteristics of Blended Cement […]
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Inspection and testing of ready mix concrete is crucial to ensure that all specified conditions meet the acceptable criteria. Ready mix concrete, which produced in batching plant and transported to construction site by truck mounted mixers, are commonly inspected and tested in accordance with applicable standards such as ASTM international. Inspect Ready Mix Concrete Batching […]
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Concrete is a very versatile and workable material. It can be moulded or given any pattern or design on the surface before it hardens. Depending upon the type of concrete surface required, different type of concrete finishing equipment’s are used. There are different type of concrete surface finishes that are used globally for different requirement […]
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Self-levelling concrete (SLC) is a polymer modified high -performance concrete that have the ability to flow, compact and provide a levelled surface when poured over an area. An SLC does not require separate vibration or compaction as required by normal concrete construction. The basic properties, construction features and benefits of self-levelling concrete are explained in […]
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Reinforced concrete slab is a common and significant structural element that provide flat, useful surfaces. It is a horizontal structural component, with top and bottom surfaces parallel or near so. This article presents design and construction of reinforced concrete one-way slab. Concrete Floor Slab Construction Process Assemble and Erect Formwork Prepare and Place Reinforcement Pour, […]
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Polished concrete is a concrete surface obtained by a series of mechanically performed grinding and polishing with the help of a penetrant chemical. The chemical penetrant employed for polishing is called as a hardener. The construction process, features and the benefits of making polished concrete are explained below. How to make Polished Concrete? The property […]
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Estimation of steel reinforcement quantity is crucial for the cost evaluation which is one of the factors that need to be considered while a specific structure is constructed. Usually, design drawings are used as a base for computing quantity of reinforcements in different structural elements such as slab, column, and footing. This article presents steel […]
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