The developments within the field have been truly transformational this year. From the flights of drones to the perceptible walks through 3D maps; from the incorporation of AI and IoT to the 3D production of construction materials- the field has seen a huge technological shift. Introduction to the innovative materials like self-healing concrete and light […]
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An earth Slope or soil slope is an inclined surface of soil mass and it may be either natural or man-made formation. Different types of slope failures and shape of their failure surfaces are discussed below. Types of Slope Failures Soil slope failures are generally four types and they are Translational Failure Rotational Failure Wedge […]
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Wood frame construction is one of the most widely method used to build apartments, homes, and even industrial commercial buildings. Wood frames are economical to build, cool, heat, and offer residents high degree of comfortability. Added to that, woods frame is sustainable and absorbs carbon and offset greenhouse gas. Wood frames can be used to […]
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Pouring concrete foundation is considerably important phase of foundation construction and plays vital role for the success of the the project. So, proper planning, suitable equipment selection, and good placement practice shall be considered for concrete pouring of foundation to make sure that it is confirmed with the drawings and specifications. Clearly, the details and […]
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Chimney crowns also termed as chimney cap or chimney top plate, is a cover provided on the top of chimney chase to prevent the entrance of rain water into the chimney. Construction of chimney crowns made of concrete are discussed below. BIA Recommendations Before knowing about the construction procedure of chimney crown, it is important […]
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My name is Aditya Garg, I have completed my graduation from civil engineering in 2014 after that I started to prepare for ESE and GATE examination but I didn’t succeed in those exams. Now I want to start a career in civil site engineer as well as in design engineer than which kind of prerequisite knowledge and skills […]
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How many floors can be built by taking bamboo as reinforcement?
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What to do if aggregate is not in grading, 10mm and 20mm both are in coarser side?
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What is the required number of bars and it’s diameter in column for 5 storey building.
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How to calculate stiffness of storey to avoid soft storey of multi-storeyed building?
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Subgrade is considered to be the most significant component of pavement structure. This is because it acts as a foundation of pavement components that constructed upon it and shall withstand detrimental influences of weather and traffic loads. The amount of water content affects the performance of subgrades. In this regard, wet, moist, and damp subgrade […]
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Reinforced concrete slab is crucial structural element which provide flat surfaces in buildings. slabs are classified into one-way slab and two-way slab. The former is supported on two sides only and ratio of long to short span is greater than two. However, the latter is supported on four sides and the ratio of long to […]
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Please give the complete details about mixing of geopolymer concrete
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Foundation drain is the exterior drainage system installed on the outer face of the foundation wall and near to the wall footing. It is covered with a layer of gravel at an optimum level which helps in draining out the excess water seeping into the foundation. Components and Working of Foundation Drain The main components […]
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Stamped concrete is innovative concrete widely applied for the floor in patios, car porch, driveways and sidewalks. It is a concrete that is finished in the shape to resemble brick, slate, flagstone, tile, stone, wood and various other patterns and textures. The major advantage of using this type of concrete is that it resembles other building […]
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Different Cement companies have maintain different % of Flyash in cement. what are the advantage and disadvantage of Higher / Lower % of flyash in cement.
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Brick ledge is reinforced concrete bearing which supports the weight (100Kg per square meter or more) of finish materials such as Brick, stone or other veneer directly to a footing or other foundation element. The brick or stone veneer is placed on the exterior of a house or building. The brick ledge is commonly placed […]
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Hi everyone, I have a problem with my Leica 1200 Total Station. It has a warning (warning 60) when we startup our total station. Can any one share us a guide for this problem? Many Thanks,
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Proper backfilling of the basement is an important and essential step in the basement construction and its structural stability. Choosing the right backfill material, compacting the backfill and the period of backfilling are the factors that influence the proper backfill in any basements. Backfilling provides support to the basement walls, acts as a barrier from […]
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Which cement is best for concrete slab construction? OPC or PPC? What is the difference and advantages of these cements for slab?
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Preventive maintenance of batching plant is required to increase the batch plant efficiency as well as its lifespan. The maintenance cost required may increase the overall investment on plant but when we consider plant lifespan, each penny put on the maintaining of plant is always worthwhile. Preventive Maintenance of Batching Plant Preventive maintenance is nothing […]
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Ashlar masonry is a type of stone masonry which is formed using finely and dressed stones, having the same size, shape and texture laid in cement or lime mortar of equal size joints at right angles to each other. The masonry built using ashlar stones are rectangular, cuboid blocks which are laid horizontal courses, or layers. The joints between […]
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Post tension slab is the combination of conventional slab reinforcement and additional high-strength steel tendons, which are tensioned after the concrete has set. It help is achieving thinner slab and longer span without column free spaces. In this article we study about the working principle, components, construction and advantage of post tension slab. Working Principle […]
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The relative quantity of mixing water, which will bleed from fresh concrete mix can be determined by the test for bleeding of concrete. Test for Bleeding of Concrete Apparatus Apparatus required for bleeding test of concrete are as follows: Cylindrical container Weighing scale Pipette Tamping bar Graduated cylinder 1. Cylindrical Container Cylindrical container used for […]
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Calculating the cost of the concrete is an important step in the project estimate. The cost of concrete depends on the cost of materials, mix design, man force and machinaries. In this article we calculate the cost of 1 cubic meter of concrete and other expenses that comes in the preparations of concrete. Factors that […]
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Hi all What is method or procedure for making 1 hour and 2 hour fire rating walls
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How to calculate the quantity of water for a given mix concrete. As it would be required to calculate for mix 1:2:4.
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Shifting and tilting problems occurs generally during sinking process of well foundations. If proper care is not taken, they will cause serious problems and weaken the stability of foundations. Precautions to avoid shifting and tilting, limitations and rectifying methods are discussed below. Shifting and Tilting of Well Foundations When the well is moved away horizontally […]
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How to calculate the quantity of water for a given mix concrete. As it would be required to calculate for mix 1:2:4.
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How to calculate the quantity of water for a given mix concrete. As it would be required to calculate for mix 1:2:4.
The post How to calculate the quantity of water for a given concrete mix.? appeared first on The Constructor.
Lightweight concrete floor systems are constructed for different purposes but the reduction of dead load on the structure is the main motivation. There are various lightweight concrete floor systems which can be selected based on the requirements of the structure for instance solid lightweight concrete floor and composite lightweight concrete floor. Added to that, it […]
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Concrete production companies produce substantial amount of concrete in the United States which is over 500 million tons per year. Concrete is an affordable and reliable material that is applied throughout the infrastructure of the country construction, industrial,transportation, defense, utility, and residential sectors. There are several companies that produce most of the united states required […]
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R-value is the measurement of concrete slab (or other material) capacity to resist heat flow i.e. it measures the effectiveness of insulation or thermal resistance. However, U-value is the measurement of heat transmission through concrete slab from ground into the closed space or vice versa. Due to the fact that thermal insulation varies inversely with […]
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Brick masonry walls are not commonly used as a basement wall but it can be constructed to serve this purpose. Brick basement wall must be built according to design specifications and drawings so as to be able to resist both imposed lateral loads from backfill and vertical loads of superstructure. Proper construction practices adequate and […]
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A chamfer edge on a concrete is a sloped or angled corner made for improving the aesthetical appearance, safety and easily removal of formwork of concrete. The formation of a sharp nice corner is practically difficult and the concrete at corners is easily chipped, therefore the provision of chamfer edge could protect the corner from chipping. […]
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Efflorescence in concrete is a whitish coloured powdered deposition of salts on the concrete surface that is formed due to evaporation of water from the concrete. It is caused when water soluble salts are present in the concrete material, which comes on to the surface while evaporation of water from the concrete. Causes for Formation […]
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Stabilization of soil is nothing but improving soil properties such as stability or bearing capacity by adding suitable stabilizers under controlled compaction. Various types of stabilizers are available and lime is one of them. Principle of soil-lime stabilization and factors affecting the process are discussed below. Principle of Soil-Lime Stabilization Stabilization of soil is achieved […]
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Knowing Green Building materials is an important step in designing a green building to be more efficient and energy saver. Green Building Materials list is presented here.
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Viscosity Modifying admixtures or shortly VMAs are type of admixtures which are used to change the properties such as viscosity, workability, cohesiveness etc. of fresh concrete. Function of VMA and Applications in different types of concretes are discussed below. Function of Viscosity Modifying Admixture (VMA) in Concrete The main function of viscosity modifying admixture is […]
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Concrete laitance is a layer of weak and nondurable cement and fine particles originated from aggregate. These materials are moved upward due to movement of moisture (bleeding) through concrete because of the presence of too much mixing water. The quantity of cement and fine particles (concrete latiance layer) increases due by overworking or overmanipulating concrete […]
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Dry pack mortar, which is also called deck mud or floor mud, is a mixture of sand, cement, and water. It is used to repair small spots, creating thick bed mortar for tile and brick placement, and bed shower installation. The proportion of the mixture is one part of cement to four part of sand, […]
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Refractory mortar is specially engineering mixture of sand, calcium aluminate cement, and fireclay. It is used to lay firebrick in places that exposed to high temperature. The refractory mortar is utilized only to build fire places and shall not be applied on hot faces. Two main types of refractory mortar are available which include hydraulic […]
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Subgrade and subbase are the foundation of concrete slab and play critical role in its performance. According to ACI Code, the subgrade is a compacted and improved natural soil or brought in fill whereas subbase is a layer of gravel placed on the top of the subgrade. Both subgrade and subbase shall be constructed according […]
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Formwork for concrete structures is more important in order to get perfect dimensions of structural parts. Accessories used in formwork will also play a key role in it. Form ties are the important accessories of formwork. Different type of form ties used in formwork are explained below. What is a Form Tie? A form tie […]
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