A flat plate floor system is a reinforced concrete frame system with a uniform thickness that is supported directly over the columns or the load-bearing walls. The flat plate floor system is a common floor construction type employed in the construction of the building. The important features, construction and the advantages of employing a flat […]
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A soak pit or a soakaway is a closed porous chamber that is directly connected to a primary treatment unit. It serves the function of letting the wastewater coming from the septic tank to slowly soak into the underlying ground. The basic functions and the need for a soak pit in wastewater management are briefly […]
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Grit chamber is a long narrow or circular tank in the primary sewage treatment plant that is designed to reduce the velocity of the flow of sewage to eliminate the girt materials such as sand, ash and clinkers, eggshells, bone chips and many inert materials inorganic in nature. Composition of Grit Grit is non-putrescible and […]
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Portland cement is an excellent building material generally used for its excellent binding properties giving strength to structural elements. Portland cement is most commonly used for the production of concrete. It is also used as a basic ingredient in the mortar, stucco, and non-specialty grout. Uses of Different Types of Portland Cement 1. As per ASTM 150 […]
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As everything in the world, concrete also has a lifespan and it wears out over time. Imperfections forms when the concrete hardens or sinks into the ground. Pouring fresh concrete over the existing concrete is a common way to level out old slabs and patch damage. Steps Involved in Pouring Concrete over Existing Concrete Slab […]
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Flexible or bendable concrete gains ductility property while normal concrete shows the brittle property. This difference of flexible concrete from normal concrete makes it available for large applications due to its efficiency in durability and strength. Some of the major differences between flexible concrete and normal concrete are explained in the table below. Table.1. Difference […]
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Concrete is pervious and porous compound which absorbs water, waterborne contaminants and chemicals that will cause deterioration to concrete. To protect the concrete from deterioration, waterproofing is essential. The application of impervious material layer on concrete which prevents water from penetrating and making the structure waterproof so that it remains relatively unaffected by water. Types […]
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Poisson’s ratio of concrete is the ratio of transverse strain to longitudinal strain in concrete specimen subjected to axial loads. The longitudinal strain and vertical strain are produced due to concrete volume reduction under compression load. Volume reduction of concrete specimen is the result of crushing small aggregate sizes due to exerted loads. Poisson’s ratio of […]
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A flexible or bendable concrete is an engineered cementitious composite (ECC) that exhibits the property of ductile material unlike the brittle nature of conventional concrete. The material composition of conventional concrete is altered in order to impart flexible nature in concrete. The flexible or bendable concrete was developed by Prof. Victor Li at the University […]
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Concrete is one of the most frequently used building materials in the whole worldwide. The distinctive characteristics like strength, durability, low-maintenance, energy-efficient, sustainability are the reasons for wide range usage of concrete in the field of civil engineering. In this article, we discuss the different uses of concrete in the field of civil engineering. The […]
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Reinforced concrete is a combination of traditional cement concrete with reinforcements (steel bar). This combination is made to use the compressive strength of concrete and tensile strength of steel at the same time, hence, work together to resist many types of loading. The term reinforced is used because the steel reinforces the concrete and makes it […]
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A bollard is a short post used to create a protective or architectural perimeter. They come in a wide variety of shapes and styles to accentuate or visually stand out in their settings. Bollards can be made from almost any material, depending on their needed function, but the most common bollards are metal, stone, cement, […]
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Table Form shuttering is a kind of shuttering specializing in floor concreting and it is widely used in high building and skyscraper, multilayer industrial factory building, substructure, etc. Table shuttering has a simple structure, it is easy to assemble and disassemble and can be reusable. Materials used for the construction of concrete formwork range from traditional materials such as […]
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In RCC structures, the placement of a single reinforcement bar may not meet the desired length of the concrete section. Hence, it becomes necessary to overlap two bars, so that the desired length is met. This length overlapped by two bars in concrete sections is called lap length or overlapping length, which are calculated separately […]
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The Power-Pole Finisher is a concrete finishing trowel that is used in achieving concrete finishes such as flatwork, decorative concrete and stamping on wet concrete before the initial setting. Extension poles allow the operator to stand outside the formed area while finishing the concrete. Types of Power-Pole Finisher The differentiation of Power trowels is done by […]
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Waterstops or waterbars are premanufactured joint filler used to prevent the transmission of water through the construction joint. Waterstops are mainly used for the waterproofing of below-grade concrete structures like tunnels, water treatment facilities, parking structures, water reservoirs, sewage treatment facilities, and marine structures. The basic features and types of waterstops used in construction are […]
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Lateral torsional buckling is a buckling phenomenon observed in unrestrained beams. When a beam subjected to loads results in both lateral displacement and twisting, then it is said to undergo lateral-torsional buckling. More causes and features of the lateral-torsional buckling phenomenon in beams are explained below. Causes of Lateral Deflection in Beams Lateral torsional buckling […]
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