The design of a structure is a vital and high-stakes process. It requires an engineer to consider loads, stresses, and forces at every step in the process. An engineer must also consider the structure’s environment and how it will interact with other structures nearby. In this article, you will find what things an engineer keeps […]
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Pavers are slabs, tiles, and blocks that can be made from various materials, such as rubber, brick (clay), concrete, flagstone, marble, travertine, porcelain, and even plastic. Concrete pavers are manufactured in a factory by pouring a combination of concrete and a coloring agent into a mold with a certain form and allowing it to cure. […]
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Sewer pipes are the sewer lines that transport all the wastewater produced inside a house to the sewer mains constructed underneath the street. Different types of sewer pipes have been used for ages. Hence, a proper understanding of the different types of obsolete and new sewer pipes can help conduct proper maintenance or design and […]
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Fire resistance is defined as the ability of a passive fire protection system or material to withstand a standard fire resistance test. On the other hand, fire resistance rating (FRR) is the time in minutes or hours for which the construction material or assemblies have withstood a standard fire exposure, under specific test conditions. This article […]
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Buildings with underground structures are often constructed using the bottom-up approach, where sub-structure and super-structure levels are built one after the other, beginning from the building’s foundation and moving towards the top. Although this traditional approach, known as the bottom-up approach, is straightforward in design and execution, it is not practical for projects with limited […]
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Mass timber is an engineered wood product formed by gluing or fastening wood panels in layers to achieve exceptional strength and stability. The production is so versatile that it can be used as structural panels, columns, beams, load-bearing structures, or even for interior finishes. The mass timber family of products includes cross-laminated timber (CLT), glue-laminated […]
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A dome is an architectural element that is curved in shape and forms the top half of a sphere. Domes do not need any internal support and can cover a great area while using very little quantity of material. Domes originated from arches and were initially only used for small buildings such as huts and […]
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A flange is a type of mechanical joint system that provides a reliable means to connect pipes, valves, pumps, and other components to form a seal-proof piping system. Flanges are typically threaded or welded, and two flanges are connected by bolting them with gaskets to form a seal that allows easy access to the pipe […]
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A structure comprises several components that are connected to one another and function to transfer the loads to the soil successfully. Modern structural engineering offers a broad and in-depth body of knowledge that can precisely predict the performance of various forms and materials used in structures to withstand loads and stresses. In civil engineering, structures […]
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If you’re planning a concrete project, whether a new driveway or patio, you’ll need to know how much concrete you need to order. That’s where a concrete calculator comes in. If you’re unsure how to use a concrete calculator, don’t worry – it’s easy! This article will show you how to use a concrete calculator […]
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Foundation heave is a serious structural issue that should be fixed as soon as it is diagnosed. The first step involves the identification of the cause of heaving. This enables the engineers in implementing the appropriate solutions. One of the major causes of foundation heave is the soil saturation underneath the foundation. In this case, […]
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Dusting, also known as chalking, is the formation of fine, loose powdery material on the surface of hardened concrete that can be swept away easily. Though dusting is observed inside as well as outside a building structure, it is more problematic when it develops indoors. Dusting occurs due to a thin, weak layer of a […]
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Polyjacking is a concrete lifting and leveling method that uses high-density geo-technical expanding foam to raise and stabilize concrete surfaces. A similar process with the same objective is the process of mudjacking, which uses mud instead of foam to lift the concrete surface to the desired level. This article discusses the major features and benefits […]
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A construction claim is the assertion of a right that requires either more time or/and payment by either party of the contract (often the contractor) for compensation of the losses brought on by the other party’s failure to uphold their portion of the responsibilities as defined in the contract. The compensation often involves extra payment […]
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The embodied energy of building material is the total non-renewable energy or primary energy (carbon released) used throughout its entire life cycle, i.e., extraction, manufacturing, construction, maintenance, and disposal. In other words, it is the sum of greenhouse gas emissions attributed to the material during its life cycle. Embodied energy is a parameter evaluated to […]
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Mudjacking is a concrete leveling process that involves pumping a material underneath a sunken concrete surface to lift it to the intended elevation. The settled concrete surface, like slabs, pavement, or driveway, is jacked up by pumping mud or soil to provide required support and elevation. This article discusses the features, working, and applications of […]
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Distress of concrete refers to the deterioration and decomposition of concrete caused by environmental conditions, autogenous internal influences, and exposure to operation services and testing. Concrete may suffer from several types of distresses, such as delamination, chalking, crack, and flaking, that must be accurately described and identified in the visual inspection report. This helps engineers […]
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Pumping lightweight aggregate concrete is challenging due to the high water absorption of the aggregate in it which results in issues such as segregation, slump loss, inconsistent mix, etc. Therefore, engineers and contractors should consider appropriate strategies to overcome problems associated with pumping lightweight aggregate concrete. ACI 213R-03 recommends several measures to improve the pumpability […]
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